The term child abuse refers to any act committed by a parent or guardian that results in injury or harm to a child. The Child, Youth and Family Enhancement Act defines the main types of abuse.

Emotional Abuse is repeated verbal attacks, humiliation, or rejection directed at the sense of self of a child. A child who is exposed to violence, drugs, alcohol, or severe conflict in the home as well as forced isolation, restraint, or is fearful much of the time might also be emotionally harmed. Children who experience emotional abuse are usually subjected to a pattern of abuse.

Physical Abuse is the intentional application of force to a child’s body. The incident could be a single occurrence or part of a pattern.

Neglect is careless behavior that damages or endangers a child’s health, development, or safety. When the child’s basic needs aren’t met, such as nutrition, clothing, shelter, and health care; appropriate supervision; and protection from harm, the child is at risk. Children who experience emotional neglect lack affection and a sense of belonging.